A new study published by the American Academy of Neurology suggests that having both gingivitis and tooth decay can almost double a person’s risk of stroke compared to having a healthy mouth.
The study found that participants who had both conditions were 86% more likely to experience a stroke compared to those with healthy mouths. Ischemic strokes, the most common type, occur when a clot or blockage reduces blood flow to the brain, depriving it of oxygen and nutrients.
“We found that people with tooth decay and gingivitis had nearly twice the risk of stroke compared to people with good oral health, even after controlling for cardiovascular risk factors,” said study author Dr. Souvik Sen, professor of neurology at the University of South Carolina in Columbia. “These findings suggest that improving oral health may be an important part of stroke prevention efforts.”
Analyzed: 5,986 adults, 63 average age
The researchers analyzed data from 5,986 adults with an average age of 63 who had no previous history of stroke. Each participant underwent a dental exam to assess the presence of gingivitis, caries, or both, and was then assigned to one of three groups: healthy mouth, gum disease only, or gum disease with caries.
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Over two decades of follow-up using medical records and telephone interviews, the study found that:
- 4 percent of participants with healthy mouths had a stroke.
- 7 percent of those with gingivitis only had a stroke.
- 10 percent of those with both gingivitis and tooth decay had a stroke.
After accounting for factors such as age, body mass index and smoking, the combined gum and cavity disease group still had an 86% higher risk of stroke, while gingivitis alone was associated with a 44% higher risk.
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Visits to the dentist really do pay off
Beyond stroke, poor oral health was linked to a 36% higher risk of heart attack or other serious cardiovascular events. The study also found that people who visited the dentist regularly were 81% less likely to have both gingivitis and tooth decay and 29% less likely to have gingivitis alone.
“People with signs of gingivitis or tooth decay should seek treatment not only to preserve their teeth, but potentially to reduce their risk of stroke,” Sen added. “Taking care of your teeth and gums isn’t just about your smile – it could help protect your brain.”
The researchers noted that the study does not prove cause and effect, only an association. They also acknowledged a limitation: oral health was assessed only once at baseline, so changes over time were not measured. Other unmeasured factors may also have influenced the results.
